China adopts revised Mineral Resources Law adding Mineral Resource Reserves and Emergency Response framework (effective 1 July 2025)

China adopted a major revision to its Mineral Resources Law that introduces a new chapter on Mineral Resource Reserves and Emergency Response. The framework provides legal authority for strategic mineral reserve systems (including product reserves/stockpiles, production capacity reserves, and resource site reserves) and emergency measures during disruptions, which can affect critical-minerals security planning and operational requirements for mining rights holders and related supply chains. The revision enters into force on 2025-07-01, as stated in the secondary policy summary and consistent with the official law publication.